误:Anybody can not come in without permission.
正:Nobody can come in without permission.
任何不是汉语中常见的否定句式,而在英语中与any构成的合成词或被any修饰的词汇作主语时,谓语动词不可以用否定式,因此any not的表达形式不符合英语的习惯。翻译这种句子时须用否定形式的主语+一定形式的谓语。但当any的合成词或any所修饰的词带有后置定语时,谓语可以用否定式,如: 干那种事的人都是不诚实的。 Anyone who does that isnt honest.
2、听到这个消息后,没一个人不感到开心。
误:Having heard the news, nobody did not feel excited.来源:考试大
正:Having heard the news, everybody felt excited.
汉语中常用没+主语+不+谓语这一双重否定的结构,而英语中否定形式的主语习惯上不可以与否定形式的谓语连用。因此nobody not的结构不符合英语的表达习惯。翻译这种句子时,(1)可把主语和谓语都改成一定形式;(2)也可用另一结构的双重否定式:there be +否定的主语 + 否定形式的定语从句,如: There was nobody who did not feel excited. 或:There was nobody but felt excited.
3、这两本书都不是英国出版的。
误:Both of the books are not published in England.
正:Neither of the books is published in England.
我不认可所有这类策略。 误:I dont agree to all these projects. 正:I agree to none of these projects. 或:I don't agree to any of these projects. 英语中的概括词all, every, both, 与与every 构成的合成词,用语否定句式时,只表示部分否定,常译成并不是都,因此两个错误译句的意思分别为:并不是两本书都是英国出版的,并不是所有这类策略我都赞同。要表达全部否定意义时,英语须用全否定词汇,如none neither, no, nobody, nothing, notany, noteither等。
4、这台车床不可以再用了,那台也一样。
误:This lathe1 can not be used any longer, and that one cant, too.
正:This lathe can not be used any longer, and that one cnat either.
或:This lathe can not be used any longer, neither (nor) can that one. 否定句中的也不可以译成too,而须用either,或用neither(nor)的倒装句型。
5、你不必为你的军衔和薪金担忧。
误:You wont have to worry about rank and pay.
正:You wont have to worry about rank or pay.
在一定句中用and来连接两个并列成分,表示和,但在否定句中and应改为or, 这个时候否定词对or的前后部分同时加以否定。
6、这类规章规范多不健全!
误:How not perfect the rules and regulations2 are!
正:How imperfect the rules and regulations are!
汉语中的感叹句可用否定式,如:多不光彩呀!多困难呀!而英语中的感叹句不可以用否定式,大家可用反义词或带有否定词缀的词来表示。
7、我觉得这不值得一试。
误:I think this is not worth trying.
正:I dont think this is worth trying.
英语中表臆想、猜测的动词think, believe, fancy3, expect, guess, imagine, suppose等,假如带有否定的宾语从句,宾语从句中的否定词一般提前,用来否定主句的谓语动词。特别是think, 按习惯使用方法,否定词只能置于think前。
8、他来这儿不是为了求得大家的帮忙。
误:He came here not to ask us for help.
正:He did not come here to ask us for help.
否定状语时,英语中的否定词一般不直接置于被否定词汇前,一般置于谓语动词前。只有当两个部分加以对比时,即不是而是时,否定词才可直接置于状语前。如:他来这儿不是为了求得大家的帮忙,而是来给大家提供一些信息。He came here not to ask us for help, but to give us some information.即便在这一结构中,英语还是常把否定词置于谓语动词前。
9、他的设计一定还没有完成。
误:He mustnt have completed his design.
正:He cant have completed his design.
对比较有把握的推断,一定句中用must,而否定句中用cant,对过去的推断,在must和can't后接完成形式。